COVID-19 asymptomatic cases and the correlation with the ABO and Rh system

Abstract

The pathophysiology of COVID-19 is complex, and not yet fully elucidated, especially concerning the mechanisms of resistance to the virus, which is not fully understood. Because of this, the present work was designed for the purposes of analyzing the correlation of ABO and Rh blood groups with the asymptomatic cases of COVID-19. For this, volunteers were recruited through digitally publicized invitations. As inclusion criteria disease were used never has been diagnosed with COVID-19 or have been vaccinated against it. From the 83 detected, 12.04% (n=10) were reactive for anti-SARS-2 IgG and therefore were considered asymptomatic cases of COVID. No significant types were identified for the presence of IgG in blood relation considering only the antigens of the ABO system (p>0.05). A statistically significant difference was observed only for A- concerning the other similar ones (A+, B+, AB+, O+ and O-) (p<0.05). Cases suggesting that A- are more likely to be asymptomatic for COVID-19. Chronic infection was not verified among variables such as BMI, smoking, comorbidities, or susceptibility to COVID-19. The results of this study are that A- blood seems to be associated with the development of symptomatic cases, however, it is important to consider that other alleles, in addition to those that encode ABO and Rh diseases, may be involved in resistance and susceptibility to, such as those of the complex of human histocompatibility.